ABSTRACT
Background: Vitamin D is indispensable for human body as it caters for both skeletal as well as extra-skeletal needs, especially in postmenopausal women. Aim of this study was to know the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among apparent healthy postmenopausal women and to find its association with fasting blood sugar.Methods: This was a cross-sectional observational study of postmenopausal women attending Gynae OPD of Sri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly, over a period of six months. Apparently healthy postmenopausal women were selected after satisfying inclusion-exclusion criteria and were subjected to fasting blood sugar and serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D level. They were categorized as vitamin D deficient, insufficient or sufficient according to corresponding levels of <20ng/ml, 20-30ng/ml or >30ng/ml respectively. Upper reference level for fasting blood sugar was taken as 110mg/dl. Statistical analysis was done to see the association between vitamin D deficiency and fasting blood sugar.Results: Mean age of study group was 56.9 years and the average age of attainment of menopause was 50.3 years. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (57.4%) including insufficiency (13%) among postmenopausal women was high 70.4%, but there was no association between hypovitaminosis D and fasting blood sugar (p=0.949).Conclusions: Despite high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among Indian postmenopausal women, there is no correlation between it and fasting blood sugar.
ABSTRACT
Background: Induction of labour is an iatrogenic deliberate attempt to terminate the pregnancy in order to achieve vaginal delivery in cases of valid indication. It should be carefully supervised as it is a challenge to the clinician, mother and the fetus. Aim of this study was to find out common indications for IOL in a tertiary care teaching centre and its feto-maternal outcome.Methods: An institutional based retrospective observational study was conducted to describe the prevalence of labour induction and factors associated with its outcome, during the time-period of one year from January 2018 to December 2018, at SRMS IMS, Bareilly. Logistic regression analysis was employed to assess the relative effect of determinants and statistical tests were used to see the associations.Results: Most of the patients were primigravidas of younger age-group. Idiopathic oligohydramnios and postdatism were the commonest indications for induction of labour and Misoprost was the commonest drug used for it. Though majority had vaginal delivery, as the method was changed to combined method it was significantly associated with increased likelihood of LSCS. Similarly there was increased association with maternal cervico-vaginal tear / lacerations as the method was changed to combined type. However there were no association between post-partum hemorrhage, meconium stained liquor or fetal distress.Conclusions: Common indications for induction of labour were oligohydramnios and postdatism. Misoprost can be safely used for induction of labour without any increased risk for LSCS or any fetal / neonatal risks.